![]() ![]() ![]() A variety of ESC protocols beyond PWM are utilized for modern-day multirotors, including, Oneshot42, Oneshot125, Multishot, and DShot. Quadcopter ESCs usually can use a faster update rate compared to the standard 50 Hz signal used in most other RC applications. In others, such as the Nissan Leaf, there is only a slight 'drag' effect when coasting, and the ESC modulates the energy capture in tandem with the conventional brakes to bring the car to a stop. ![]() In some vehicles, such as those produced by Tesla, this can be used to slow down so effectively that the car's conventional brakes are only needed at very low speeds (the motor braking effect diminishes as the speed is reduced). The captured energy is used to charge the batteries and thus extend the driving range of the car (this is known as regenerative braking). Most mass-produced electric cars feature ESC's that capture energy when the car coasts or brakes, using the motor as a generator and slowing the car down. The energy draw is usually measured in kilowatts (the Nissan Leaf, for instance, uses an 160 kilowatt motor that produces up to 340 Nm torque ). Large, high-current ESCs are used in electric cars, such as the Nissan Leaf, Tesla Roadster (2008), Model S, Model X, Model 3, and the Chevrolet Bolt. ![]()
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